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F1 十大容易混淆概念

来源：高顿网校 2013-08-29

　　F1 十大容易混淆概念
　　1. Public sector & Private sector

　　Public sector is the organization owned or run by the government or government agencies.

　　All the other organizations are classified as the private sector.

　　2. Public company & Private company

　　Private company is usually owned by a small number of people and these shares are not easily transferable.

　　Shares of public company will usually be traded on a Stock Exchange.

　　3. Geographic departmentation

　　Where the organization is structured according to geographic area, some authority is retained at Head Office but day-to-day operations are handled on a territorial basis.

　　So it is centralized.

　　4. Divisionalisation

　　It is the division of a business into autonomous regions of product business, each with its own revenues, expenditure and capital asset purchase programs, and therefore each with its own profit and loss responsibility.

　　So it is decentralized.

　　5. Internal control

　　An internal control is any action taken by management to enhance the likelihood that established objectivity and goals will be achieved. Management plans, organizes and directs the performance of sufficient actions to provide reasonable assurance that objectives and goals will be achieved.

　　6. Internal check

　　An internal check are defined as the checks on the day-to-day transactions whereby the work of one person is proved independently or is complementary to the work of another, the object being the prevention or early detection of errors and fraud.

　　7. Connected & external stakeholders

　　Connected and internal stakeholders are primary and the external stakeholders are secondary. There are agreements or contracts between the primary stakeholders and the organizations. The secondary stakeholders have indirect influence on the companies.

　　8. Stagflation

　　It occurs where there is a combination of high unemployment and high inflation caused by a price shock and inflexibility in supply.

　　So CPI and unemployment rate is increasing. But the GDP is not growing.

　　9. Leadership & management

　　Leadership is the process of influencing others to work willingly towards goals, to the best of their capabilities, perhaps in a manner different to that which they would otherwise have chosen.

　　Management is the process of getting actives completed efficiently and effectively, with and through other people.

　　10. Effectiveness and Efficiency

　　Effectiveness means whether the results are complied with the goals or purposes. So it is about “what to do”.

　　Efficiency means the low wastage or loss to produce the maximum output. It is about “how to do”.

　　高顿网校特别提醒：已经报名2013年ACCA考试的考生可按照复习计划有效进行！另外，高顿网校2013年ACCA考试辅导高清课程已经开通，通过针对性地讲解、训练、答疑、模考，对学习过程进行全程跟踪、分析、指导，可以帮助考生全面提升备考效果。
　　
　　报考指南：2013年ACCA考试备考指南
　　考前冲刺：ACCA备考秘籍 ACCA暑期优惠
　　高清网课：ACCA考试网络课程　　

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