ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料<13>

来源: 高顿网校 2015-04-09
Session 9 Non-current assets
  Main contents:
  1.Basic concepts of non-current assets
  2.Depreciation of non-current asset
  3.Disposal of non-current asset
  4.Revaluation of non-current asset
  9.1 Non-current assets
  Non-current assets are distinguished from current assets by the following characteristics: they are
  - Long-term in nature
  - Not normally acquired for resale
  - Could be tangible or intangible
  - Used to generate income directly or indirectly for a business
  - Not normally liquid assets (i.e.not easily and quickly converted into cash without a significant loss in value.)
  ●Capital and revenue expenditure
  Capital expenditure:
  - Expenditure on the acquisition of non-current assets required for use in the business, not for resale.
  - Expenditure on existing NCA aimed at increasing their earning capacity.
  - Long-term in nature: the business intends to receive the benefits of the expenditure over a long period of time.
  Revenue expenditure:
  - Expenditure on current assets
  - Expenditure relating to running the business ( such as administration costs.)
  - Expenditure on maintaining the earning capacity of NCA e.g.repairs and renewals.
  ●Non-current registers
  A record of the NCA held by a business.These form part of the internal control system of an organization.
  Details held may include:
  - Cost
  - Date of purchase
  - Description of asset
  - Serial/reference number
  - Location of asset
  - Depreciation method
  - Expected useful life
  - Net book value
  ●Acquisition of a non-current asset
  Initial cost:
  - The cost of a NCA is any amount incurred to acquire the asset and bring it into
  working condition.
  - All non-current assets must initially recognized at cost.
  Cost = purchase price
  - Trade discount
  - Rebates
  + Direct cost (Delivery cost, Legal)
  Delivery cost is the cost that bringing it into working condition for
  Its intended use
  Initial costs excludes: admin costs
  General overheads
  Abnormal costs
  Any costs incurred after asset is ready for use
  e.g.Excludes: revenue expenditure such as
  ●Repairs
  ●Renewals
  ●Repainting
  Subsequent expenditure:
  Can only be recorded as part of the cost (or capitalized), if it enhances the benefits of the asset, i.e.increases the revenues capable of being generated by the asset.
  The correct entry to record the double entry is:
  Dr.Non-current asset
  Cr.Cash/ Bank/ Payables
  A separate cost account should be kept for each category of non-current asset, e.g.motor cars, fixture and fittings
  Example:
  Bilbo Baggins started a business providing limousine taxi services on 1 January 20x5.In the year to 31 December he incurred the following costs:
  $
  Office premises                   250,000
  Legal fees associated with purchase of office    10,000
  Cost of materials and labour to paint office in     300
  Bilbo’s favourite colour, purple
  Mercedez E series estate cars            116,000
  Number plates for cars                 210
  Delivery charge for cars                180
  Road licence fee for cars                480
  Drivers’ wages for first year of operation     60,000
  Blank taxi receipts printed with Bilbo         450
  Baggin’s business name and number
  What amounts should be capitalized as “ Land and buildings” and “ Motor vehicles”?
  Land and     Motor
  Buildings    Vehicles
  $         $
  A.            260,000      116,390
  B.            250,000      116,870
  C.            250,300      116,390
  D.            260,300      116,870
  Solution:
  The correct answer is A
  Land and buildings
  $
  Office premises     250,000
  Legal fees        10,000
  260,000
  ●The cost of the purple paint does not form part of the cost of the office and so should not be capitalized.Instead it should be taken to the income statement as a revenue expense.
  Motor vehicles
  $
  3 Mercedes E series    116,000
  Number plates         210
  Delivery charges        180
  116,390
  - The number plates are one-off charges which form part of the purchase price of any car.
  - The road licence fee, drivers’ wages and receipts are ongoing expenses, incurred every year.They cannot be capitalized, but should be taken to the income statement as expenses.
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