更多服务

特色服务

找学习资源

查报考信息

看备考资讯

备考工具箱

报考指南

报考条件

就业前景

报考流程

考试日历

资料中心

注册流程

准考证

免费题库

全部

2015年ACCA考试《F3财务会计》辅导资料14

来源：高顿网校 2015-07-29

　　高顿网校小编为各位ACCA学员整理了科目重点知识点辅导，希望大家查漏补缺，对考试有所帮助。
Session 9 Non-current assets

　　Main contents:

　　1.Basic concepts of non-current assets

　　2.Depreciation of non-current asset

　　3.Disposal of non-current asset

　　4.Revaluation of non-current asset

　　9.1 Non-current assets

　　Non-current assets are distinguished from current assets by the following characteristics: they are

　　- Long-term in nature

　　- Not normally acquired for resale

　　- Could be tangible or intangible

　　- Used to generate income directly or indirectly for a business

　　- Not normally liquid assets (i.e.not easily and quickly converted into cash without a significant loss in value.)

　　●Capital and revenue expenditure

　　Capital expenditure:

　　- Expenditure on the acquisition of non-current assets required for use in the business, not for resale.

　　- Expenditure on existing NCA aimed at increasing their earning capacity.

　　- Long-term in nature: the business intends to receive the benefits of the expenditure over a long period of time.

　　Revenue expenditure:

　　- Expenditure on current assets

　　- Expenditure relating to running the business ( such as administration costs.)

　　- Expenditure on maintaining the earning capacity of NCA e.g.repairs and renewals.

　　●Non-current registers

　　A record of the NCA held by a business.These form part of the internal control system of an organization.

　　Details held may include:

　　- Cost

　　- Date of purchase

　　- Description of asset

　　- Serial/reference number

　　- Location of asset

　　- Depreciation method

　　- Expected useful life

　　- Net book value

　　●Acquisition of a non-current asset

　　Initial cost:

　　- The cost of a NCA is any amount incurred to acquire the asset and bring it into

　　working condition.

　　- All non-current assets must initially recognized at cost.

　　Cost = purchase price

　　- Trade discount

　　- Rebates

　　+ Direct cost (Delivery cost, Legal)

　　Delivery cost is the cost that bringing it into working condition for

　　Its intended use

　　Initial costs excludes: admin costs

　　General overheads

　　Abnormal costs

　　Any costs incurred after asset is ready for use

　　e.g.Excludes: revenue expenditure such as

　　●Repairs

　　●Renewals

　　●Repainting

　　Subsequent expenditure:

　　Can only be recorded as part of the cost (or capitalized), if it enhances the benefits of the asset, i.e.increases the revenues capable of being generated by the asset.

　　The correct entry to record the double entry is:

　　Dr.Non-current asset

　　Cr.Cash/ Bank/ Payables

　　A separate cost account should be kept for each category of non-current asset, e.g.motor cars, fixture and fittings

　　Example:

　　Bilbo Baggins started a business providing limousine taxi services on 1 January 20x5.In the year to 31 December he incurred the following costs:

　　Office premises　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 250,000

　　Legal fees associated with purchase of office　　　　10,000

　　Cost of materials and labour to paint office in　　　　 300

　　Bilbo’s favourite colour, purple

　　Mercedez E series estate cars 　　　　　　　　　　　116,000

　　Number plates for cars　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　210

　　Delivery charge for cars　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　180

　　Road licence fee for cars　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 480

　　Drivers’ wages for first year of operation　　　　　60,000

　　Blank taxi receipts printed with Bilbo　　　　　　　　　450

　　Baggin’s business name and number

　　What amounts should be capitalized as “ Land and buildings” and “ Motor vehicles”?

　　Land and　　　　　Motor

　　Buildings　　　　Vehicles

　　$ 　　　　　　　　$

　　A.　　　　　　　　　　　　260,000　　　　　 116,390

　　B.　　　　　　　　　　　　250,000　　　　　 116,870

　　C.　　　　　　　　　　　　250,300　　　　　 116,390

　　D.　　　　　　　　　　　　260,300　　　　　 116,870

　　Solution:

　　The correct answer is A

　　Land and buildings

　　Office premises　　　　 250,000

　　Legal fees　　　　　　　 10,000

　　260,000

　　●The cost of the purple paint does not form part of the cost of the office and so should not be capitalized.Instead it should be taken to the income statement as a revenue expense.

　　Motor vehicles

　　3 Mercedes E series　　　 116,000

　　Number plates　　　　　　　　 210

　　Delivery charges 　　　　　　180

　　116,390

　　- The number plates are one-off charges which form part of the purchase price of any car.

　　- The road licence fee, drivers’ wages and receipts are ongoing expenses, incurred every year.They cannot be capitalized, but should be taken to the income statement as expenses.

　　9.2 Accounting treatment of depreciation: - a mechanism to reflect the cost of using a non-current asset

　　(i)Depreciation is charged as an expense in the profit and loss account

　　(ii)The corresponding credit is accumulated in the provision for depreciation account in the balance sheet to offset against the original cost of the fixed assets.

　　●Method of depreciation:

　　Straight-line method

　　The depreciable amount is spread evenly across the useful life of the fixed asset, resulting in same amount of depreciation charged every year.

　　Depreciation charge = Cost of asset minus residual value

　　Expected useful life of the asset

　　Residual value: the estimated disposal value of the asset at the end of its useful life.

　　Example:

　　A non-current asset costing $60,000 has an estimated life of five years and a residual life of $7,000.The annual depreciation charge using the straight line method would be calculated as follows:

　　$( 60,000 – 7,000)= $10,600 per annum

　　5 years

　　The net book value of the fixed assets would reduce each year as follows:

　　After 1 year　after 2 years　after 3 years　after 4 years　after 5 years

　　$　　　　　　 $ 　　　　　　$　　　　　　　 $ 　　　　　　$

　　Cost　　　　 60,000　　　 60,000　　　　60,000　　　　 60,000　　　　 60,000

　　Accumulated　10,600　　　 21,200　　　　31,800　　　　 42,400　　　　53,000

　　Depreciation

　　Net book value 49,400 　 38,800　　　　28,200　　　　 17,600　　　 7,000 (estimated residual value)

　　Reducing balance method

　　A fixed depreciation rate ( percentage)is applied to the fixed asset’s net book value( cost less accumulated depreciation)every year.Since net book value diminishes yearly, the depreciation charge falls every year.

　　Depreciation charge = X% x net book value

　　Net book value = Cost of an asset – accumulated depreciation

　　Asset bought/sold in the period:

　　- full year’s depreciation in the year of acquisition and none in the year of disposal

　　- monthly or pro rata，based on the exact number of months that the assets has been owned.

　　Exercise 1 :

　　Hopkins who makes up accounts to 31 December, buys a car on 1 January 20x1 for $5,000. The depreciation policy is 20% pa(每年), using the reducing balance method. What is the depreciation charge for each of the first five years?

　　Year 　20%on　　　　　 Depreciation　 Accumulated　　 Net book

　　net book value　　 charge　　　　 Dep.　　　　　 value

　　20x1 　　20% of $5,000　　 $1,000　　　 $1,000　　　　 $4,000

　　20x2　　 20% of $4,000　　　 800　　　　 1,800　　　　 3,200

　　20x3　　 20% of $3,200　　　 640　　　　 2,440　　　　 2,560

　　20x4　　 20% of $2,560　　　 512　　　　 2,952　　　　 2,048

　　20x5　　 20% of $2,048　　　 410　　　　 3,362　　　　 1,638

　　20x6　　 20% of $1,638　　　 328　　　　 3,690　　　　 1,310

　　Exercise 2:

　　The following information relates to B & S, a car repair business:

　　Machine 1　　　　　　 Machine 2

　　Cost　　　　　 $12,000　　　　　　　$8,000

　　Purchase date　1 August 20x5　　　　1 October 20x6

　　Depreciation　 20% straight line　 10% reducing balance

　　Method　　　　 pro-rata　　　　　　 pro- rata

　　What is the depreciation charge for years ended 31 December 20x5 and 31 December 20x6?

　　20x5 　　　　　　20x6

　　$　　　　　　　 $

　　A.　　 2,400　　　　　 2,600

　　B.　　 1,000 　　　　　2,600

　　C.　　 2,400　　　　　 3,200

　　D.　　 1,000　　　　　 3,200

　　Solution:

　　- for machine 1:

　　20x5: 20% x 12,000 x 5/12 = 1,000

　　20x6: 20% x 12,000= 2,400

　　- for machine 2:

　　20x6: 10% x 8,000 x 3/12=200

　　Total depreciation: 20x5: 1,000

　　20x6: 2,400 + 200 = 2,600

　　Answer: B

　　●Accounting for depreciation: - whichever method is used to calculate depreciation, the accounting remains the same:

　　Journal entry is:

　　Dr. Depreciation

　　Cr. Accumulated Depreciation ( provision for depreciation)

　　Accumulated depreciation account is cumulative, i.e. reflects all depreciations to date.

　　Cost　　　　　　　　　　　　X

　　Accumulative Depreciation (X)

　　NBV　　　　　　　　　　　　 X

　　●Consistency and subjectivity when accounting for depreciation:

　　- The following are all based on estimates made by the management of a business:

　　Depreciation method

　　Residual value

　　Useful life

　　- Different estimates would result in varying levels of depreciation, and

　　consequently, profits.

　　- It can be argued that these subjective areas could therefore result in manipulation of the accounts by management.

　　- In order to reduce the scope for such manipulation and increase consistency of treatment, IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment requires the following:

　　depreciation method should be reviewed at each year end and changed if the method used no longer reflects the pattern of the use of the asset.

　　residual value and useful life should be reviewed at each year end and changed if expectations differ from previous estimates.

　　Ex 3. A purchased a non-current asset for $100,000 on 1 January 20x2 and started depreciating it over 5 years. Residual value was taken as $10,000.

　　At 1 January 20x3, a review of asset lives was undertaken and the remaining useful life was estimated at 8 years. Residual value was estimated nil.

　　Calculate the depreciation charge for the year ended 31 December 20x3 and subsequent years.

　　Solution:

　　Initial depreciation charge (100,000-10,000)/5 = 18,000

　　NBV at date of charge: 100,000-18,000 = 82,000

　　New depreciation charge: 82,000/8 = 10,250

　　9.3 Disposal of fixed assets

　　●Profit or loss on disposal

　　- Proceeds (Selling price- cash or part disposal allowance)

　　Proceeds > NBV at disposal date Profit

　　- Proceeds < NBV at disposal date Loss

　　- Proceeds = NBV at disposal date Neither

　　●Disposal for cash consideration

　　Step 1. Remove the original cost of the non-current asset from the “non-current asset” account.

　　Dr. Disposal

　　Cr. Non-current asset original cost non-current asset

　　Step 2. Remove accumulated depreciation on the non-current asset from the “accumulated depreciation” account.

　　Dr. Accumulated depreciation X

　　Cr. Disposals X

　　Step 3. Record the cash proceeds

　　Dr. Cash proceeds

　　Cr. Disposal

　　●Disposal through a part exchange agreement

　　- it arises where an old asset is provided in part payment for a new one, the balance of the new asset being paid in cash.

　　- The procedure to record the transaction is very similar to the three-step process seen for a cash disposal.

　　- But there is the fourth step:

　　Step 1. Remove the original cost of the non-current asset from the “non-current asset” account.

　　Dr. Disposal X

　　Cr. Non-current asset original cost non-current asset X

　　Step 2. Remove the accumulated depreciation on the non-current asset from the “accumulated depreciation” account.

　　Dr. accumulated depreciation X

　　Cr. Disposals X

　　Step 3. Record the part exchange allowance (PEA) as proceeds

　　Dr. non-current asset (= part of the new asset) PEA

　　Cr. Disposal (= sale proceeds of the old assets) PEA

　　Step 4. Record the cash paid for the new asset

　　Dr. non-current asset cash

　　Cr. Cash

　　Again, the balance on the T account is the profit or loss on disposal.

　　高顿网校温馨提醒

　　各位考生，2015年ACCA备考已经开始，为了方便各位学员能更加系统地掌握考试大纲的重点知识，帮助大家充分备考，体验实战，高顿网校开通了全免费的ACCA题库（包括精题真题和全真模考系统），题库里附有详细的答案解析，学员可以通过多种题型加强练习。戳这里进入ACCA免费题库>>>

ACCA网络课程	课程专业名称	讲师	试听
85%的人正在学习该课程	ACCA 全维度网课体验课程实景课堂与独立录制覆盖所有知识点，根据学习计划推进学习进度	高顿名师
70%的人正在学习该课程	ACCA网课全科卡（8.2折）为零基础刚开始学习ACCA的学员特别定制	高顿名师

　　ACCA考试免费题库【手机题库下载】| 在线直播

　　ACCA高清网课免费体验 ACCA名师精品班免费试听

　　精彩推荐：

ACCA到底是什么意思？

ACCA特许公认会计师职业发展与分析

2015年9月ACCA考试常见问题解析

2015年9月ACCA备考辅导专题　　2014年ACCA考试真题和答案汇总

版权声明：本条内容自发布之日起，有效期为一个月。凡本网站注明“来源高顿教育”或“来源高顿网校”或“来源高顿”的所有作品，均为本网站合法拥有版权的作品，未经本网站授权，任何媒体、网站、个人不得转载、链接、转帖或以其他方式使用。经本网站合法授权的，应在授权范围内使用，且使用时必须注明“来源高顿教育”或“来源高顿网校”或“来源高顿”，并不得对作品中出现的“高顿”字样进行删减、替换等。违反上述声明者，本网站将依法追究其法律责任。本网站的部分资料转载自互联网，均尽力标明作者和出处。本网站转载的目的在于传递更多信息，并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其描述，本网站不对其真实性负责。如您认为本网站刊载作品涉及版权等问题，请与本网站联系(邮箱fawu@gaodun.com，电话：021-31587497)，本网站核实确认后会尽快予以处理。

展开全文咨询在线

点一下领资料

【整理版】ACCA各科目历年真题

真题高频考点，刷题全靠这份资料

下载合集

acca全科学习思维导图

梳理核心考点，一图看懂全部章节

下载合集

2023年acca考纲解析

覆盖科目重难点,备考按照计划走

acca备考热门问题解答

acca考试怎么搭配科目？: 建议优先选择相关联的科目进行搭配报考，这样可以提高备考效率，减轻备考压力，1、F1-F4：为随时机考科目，难度较低，这里可以自行随意选择考试顺序。2、F5-F9：如果你的工作的和财务会计或者审计有关、或者你比较擅长财务和审计的话，推荐先考F7和F8。你可以选择一起考ACCA考试科目F7和F8或者先考F7（8）再考F8（7），这就要取决你一次想考几门。3、P阶段：选修科目中，建议企业首选AFM！第二部分科目进行选择，如果AA和SBR掌握学生更好，可以通过选择AAA，如果SBL掌握的好，可以自己选择APM。