CMA考试essay 题P2（二）

　　第二题，给出一段描述，某公司开发新产品，准备定价。

　　1.解释elastic和inelastic

　　Elastic:elastic goods are goods for which the change in demand is larger than the change in price

　　Inelastic:inelastic goods are goods for which the change in demand is smaller than the change in price

　　2.解释target pricing和target costing，并define做出这两个的main step

　　3.解释value engineering，并说明与何种定价方法有关

　　It is a systematic approach to assessing all aspects of the value chain cost buildup for a product.The purpose is to minimize costs without reducing customer satisfaction.(It requires identifying value-added and non-value added cost.It requires distinguishing between cost incurrence and locked-in cost)           life cycle costing

　　4.解释life-cycle并说为什么在life-cycle的不同阶段的商品定价不同explain why it will differs when pricing by??life-cycle cost?

　　5.解释不同结构的市场对价格有什么影响。

　　Perfect competition:the price curve is represented by a horizontal line because the individual firm is unable to affect the price so they must accept the market price

　　Monopoly:The firm can strongly influence price as the sole supplier of product

　　Monopoly competition:The firms have limited control over price

　　Oligopoly

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