Passage Three

Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage.

New research suggests that planting trees and oilier plants near factories could reduce pollution by almost one-third.The addition of plant life may even cost less and be more effective than technology,designed to cut pollution,a new study found.The findings were reported in the publication Environmental Science&Technology.The lead author of the study was Bhavik Bakshi,a professor at the Ohio State University.

Bakshi and other researchers collected data about air pollution and plant life in 48 of the 50 American states.They studied public records from every state other than

Alaska and Hawaii.The study attempted to show how the vegetation(植被)could

reduce the mast common pollutants(污染物)from industrial areas,including the production of energy from coal,oil and gas.

The research found that restoring vegetation to land cover could cut air pollutant levels an average of 27 percent in the areas studied They also found that in 75 percent of the areas,it would cost less to use plants and trees to reduce air pollution than to add new air cleaning technology.

Bakshi said that nature-based methods could result in“win-win’’solutions that save money and are better for the environment.It found that only one piece of equipment was estimated to be more cost-effective than trees and plants.That device is an industrial boiler.

The study did not identify which kinds of trees or plants would be best at reducing air pollution.But Bakshi said the kind of vegetation likely would make a difference in air quality and that further study is needed.

The researchers predicted that the addition of trees and plants could help lower air pollution levels in both cities and rural areas.However,success rates would differ widely depending on how much land is available and current air quality levels.

1.How did the researchers conduct the research?

A.They gave up the out-dated public records.

B.They gathered information on pollution and plants.

C.They did experiments in the Ohio State University.

D.They studied data on technology in science journals.

2.could cut air pollutant levels.

A.Expanding rural areas

B.Developing Alaska and Hawaii C Producing more coal,oil and gas

D.Bringing buck vegetation to land cover

3.What is more cost-effective than trees and plants?

A.New energy.

B.An industrial boiler

C.The nature-based method

D.New cleaning technology

4.The underlined phrase"make a difference"in Paragraph Five probably means

A.be effective

B.be productive

C.take place

D.stand out

5.What docs the pas sage mainly tell us?

A.New technology can benefit the environment.

B.Air pollution has worsened in the United States.

C.Adding plant life cuts pollution and reduces cost

D.Different trees contribute differently to the environment.

Passage Four

Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage.

Social scientists believe that names influence personality,how were perceived(认

知)，and even our physical appearances,In tum,our appearances impact how other

people perceive us,which again affects how we feel and see ourselves.Psychologists believe there's a relationship between internals and externals that shapes us.

The researchers from Hebrew University in Jerusalem decided to test whether stereotypes(刻板印象)and labels have an effect on physical appearance.That is to

say,they wanted to find out if the name a person is given at birth influences later physicality.

The study hypothesized that this early label marks all those who bear the same name similarly,so much so that other people can match name to face based on expectation of how someone with a certain name is likely to look.In other words name stereotypes show physically in facial appearance.The research team found that both people and computers could pick the right name for a given face with more accuracy than would result from chance.That means common ideas of how a person with a certain name would look were correct-there was a”right”name for a type of face.

Face-name matching likely works on many levels,the study suggests.Because we have shared ideas of what names mean,people with those names may“grow into”them by adapting expected behavior,facial expressions,and looks,and others will also have certain expectations.Say your name is Rose.Social expectations may direct you to act womanly,smile gently,wear dresses,and grow your hair long.This is perhaps unconsciously expected more of a woman named for a flower than one who goes by Alex,a name that in the US is common for males and females.Alex may feel freer to bend gender stereotypes than Rose.

6.Part of the job of a psychologist might be to study.

A.how to improve people's behavior

B.how to change people's appearances

C.the relationship between mind and behavior

D.the relationship between knowledge and looks

7.The underlined word“hypothesized”in Paragraph Three probably means.

A.supposed

B.displayed

C.doubted

D.opposed

8.What docs the example about the name of Roe and Ales indicate?

A.Men and women are affected differently by their mums

B.A girl with a boy’s name will not grow into a gentle woman.

C.There is little relationship between one's name and behavior.

D.Shared ideas of names may influence how we look and behave

9.What is the author's attitude towards the study?

A.Pleased

B.Unbelieving.

C.Surprised

D.Objective

10.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.A good name may bring good luck.

B.Your name might influence your appearance.

C.People name babies according to their appearance.

D.Some names are more proper for women than others.