R2-1-1 Required rate of return: the return that investors and savers require to get them to
Willingly
lend their funds; affected by the supply and demand of funds in the market.
l Discount rate: the interest rate we use to discount payments to be made in the future.
l Opportunity cost: the benefit from the second best choice at the same risk level.
l 两个证券公司对同一个股票估值,使用相同的现金流预测,得出不一样的价格。
原因: 使用的required rate of return 不一样。
R2-1-2 Decompose required rate of return:
Interest rate real risk free rate + expected inflation rate + risk premium
l (1)Real risk free rate: compensation for consumption delay
l (2)Expected inflation rate: 要注意不是historical inflation rate, 因为利率是向前看的。
l (3)Risk premium: Default risk premium, liquidity risk premium, maturity risk premium.
Nominal risk free rate=(1)+(2), also called risk free rate.
Required rate of return=(1)+(2)+(3)
考点对应的试题如下:
R2-1 Interest rate
Q2-1The nominal (quoted) annual interest rate on an automobile loan is 10%. The effectiveannual rate of the loan is 10.47%. The frequency of compounding periods per year for theloan is closest to:
A. weekly.
B. monthly.
C. quarterly.
Solution: B
The effective annual return is: EAR = (1 + Periodic interest rate)m‐1
For weekly compounding, (1 + 0.10 / 52)52 — 1 = 0.10506 = 10.50%
For monthly compounding, (1 + 0.10 / 12)12 — 1 = 0.10471 = 10.47%
For quarterly compounding, (1 + 0.10 / 4)4 — 1 = 0.10381 = 10.38%
Thus, the correct answer is monthly compounding.
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