1.主谓宾结构。the farm 主语，covered 谓语，thousands of acres宾语
2.祈使句结构。省略主语。
3.主系表结构。后面有补语to be visited。
4.倒装句结构。only提前，疑问句语序
5.主系表结构，被动语态
6.主谓宾结构，后面有状语by bus
7.there be 句型，某处有某物，主系表结构，后面有不定式做补语。
8.主谓宾。状语by chance
9.主谓结构，后面是状语
10.主谓，动词不定式做补语
11.主谓宾结构
12.主系表。considering her age状语
13.从句。省略了主语
14.主系表。动词不定式做主语和表语
15.主系表，
16.主谓结构
17.现在进行时态，主系表结构，不定式做补语
18.主谓宾，否定式，
19.主谓宾。we 主语，think 谓语，it is necessary to work hard宾语，宾语是一个句子，在宾语中又是一个主系表结构的句子，it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，这是为了避免头重脚轻。
20.主系表。现在分词做主语。

备注：宾语为动词，“系“指”be"动词。如果是从句，就要先找出这个句子的主干部分，然后再划分其他的成分，如第19.划分句子结构其实很简单，主谓宾定状补，记住这6个字，多练习。句子划分都大同小异，所以有的句子没有像例1那样写出句子成分。

有一天晚上，david偶然听到他父亲在弹钢琴，于是事情有点“不对了”。david说他想成为一名音乐家，而不是一名律师。(things to do)
one night david overheard his father playing the piano and then something seemed to be wrong. david said that he wanted to become a musician not a lawyer.
他那个关于计算机的理论在计算机投入使用前就已经为很多学者所知了。(come into use)
his computer theory has been known by many scholars before the computer was come into use.
一直到susan开口说话时我才知道她是外国人。(强调句型)
it is til susan spoke that i knew she was a foreigner.
那位长者考虑在给那个年轻人一次机会，既然他已经承诺不再犯同样的错误。(have...in mind)
since the young man has had his promise that he would never make the same mistake in mind the older considered to give him another chance.
这部电影不仅让人看了感到开心，也给我们上了一节道德课。(not only...but also)
not only did this film make people feel happy but also gave us a moral lesson
一看完这部小说，robin就赶到附近的书店买了一部影碟，该片改编自这部小说。(upon doing sth.)
upon finishing reading this novel robin hurried to a bookshop nearby to buy a dvd which was adapted from this novel.
张丽丽是黑龙江的一名高中老师。她舍身救下两名学生，这为她赢得了“最美丽的教师”称号。(win sb. sth.)
zhang lili was a high school teacher in amur river. she sacrificed herself to save two students which won her the title of the most beautiful teacher
所有乘客都必须出示车票，这已是通行的惯例。(be required to do sth.)
all the passengers are required to show their tickets which has been a common practice
jenny想到自己可能再也见不到nick了，于是眼里充满了泪水。(同位语从句)
the thought that jenny would never see nick again made her eyes full of tears
男孩醒来时，他父母已经去了工厂，临走时给他留了一张字条。(by the time)
by the time the boy woke up his parent has already gone to factory left a note to him
这次改革涉及技术和管理两方面，可能会使公司的利润翻倍。(in a position to)
this reform involves technology and management which is in a position to double our company's turnover.
周末你要和朋友出海听起来很有趣。(sound like + n.)
you will go to sea with friends at weekends. it sounds like a interesting idea
对学外语的学生别太过严厉，应该考虑到他们的母语和目标语言差别很大。(ought to)
we should not be overstrict with the students learning foreign language and we ought to consider that there are great differences between their mother language and target language
网上购物有别于传统购物，因为我们的顾客无需走出家门就可以在家挑选到她们喜欢的任何东西。(in that)
online shopping is different from the traditional shopping in that the customers can choose anything they like at home without going outside.

一、加ing
①动词如果作为伴随状语，宾语，主语的时候，要加ing
例如：swimming is my hobby.【游泳是我的爱好】游泳作为主语就要加ing
my job is teaching.【我的工作是教书】教书作为宾语就要加ing
there is a girl wearing a white t-shirt.【有一个穿白t恤的女孩】穿作为伴随状语要加ing
②形容词修饰物时要加ing [通常翻译为：令人……]
the news is exciting to me【这个新闻令我很兴奋】

二、be的用法
be是动词，一般现在时为：amisare 一般过去时为：waswere
可用做谓语，还属于系动词，常见的有系表结构（系动词+表语）等
例如：i am a girl【我是一个女孩儿】
the flowers are very beautiful【这些花儿非常漂亮】

三、the和an/a的区别
the是定冠词，一般用于特指
例如：the man is my father【这个男人是我的爸爸】
a/an是不定冠词，an用于元音发音单词前[如applehour]
例如：i am working for an hour.【我已经持续工作了一个小时】
i need an apple to eat【我需要吃一个苹果】

四、-s和-es
加es为特殊，一般在以sxshch结尾的单词后加。例如：boxes【盒子】，fishes【鱼，强调种类的复数，数量的复数则为原型】，matches【比赛、火柴】
特殊：以o结尾的个别单词：tomatoes【西红柿】potatoes【土豆】heroes【英雄】

另外补充吧，有些名词单复数同型，例如：deer【鹿】fish【鱼，强调数量】chinese【中国人】japanese【日本人】sheep【绵羊】