USCPA知识点介绍:财务会计的基本框架概念

来源: 高顿网校 2015-10-27
  Conceptual framework provides a basis for financial accounting concepts for enterprises.
  FASB conceptual framework called Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC)。
  SFAC serves as a basis for all FASB pronouncements.
  The SFAC are not GAAP
  FASB and IASB have a joint project to converge their financial reporting frameworks.
  SFAC NO. 8 Conceptual Framework for Financial report is the result of convergence. (F1-7)
  1 objective, 2 Fundamental, 4 Enhancing.
  1 objective – Decision useful (F1-7)
  2 fundamental qualitative characteristics – FAR (FAithful representation + Relevance) (F1-8)
  4 enhancing qualitative characteristics – Compare and verify in time to understand (F1-9)
  1 Objective: DECISION USEFUL.
  SFAC NO. 8-chapter 1: The Objective of General Purpose Financial Reporting (F1-7)
  Who make decision? Primary Users (existing and potential investors, lenders, and other creditors)
  What decision? Whether providing resources to reporting entity.
  How useful? use financial information (FI) to assess the reporting entity‘s prospects for future net cash inflows
  2 fundamental qualitative characteristics – FAR (FAithful representation + Relevance) (F1-8)
  SFAC NO. 8-chapter 3: Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information
  FAR = FAithful representation + Relevance
  Relevance – “Does it related to my decision?”
  “Passing Confirms Money (PCM)”
  “Confirm Predictive value is Material” (PCM)
  Predictive value: Help me predict future outcomes
  Confirming value: Help me evaluate earlier prediction.
  Materiality: Judgment. If an omission or misstatement of the information could affect the decision made by users, then it is material.
  Faithful Representation - “Can I depend on it?”
  “Completely Neutral is Free from error”
  Completeness: All facts embedded in the information.
  Neutrality: Free from bias; focus is on objectivity and balance.
  Freedom from Error: Judgement. Would a sufficiently knowledgeable third party derive the same result?
  4 enhancing qualitative characteristics – Compare and verify in time to understand
  SFAC NO. 8-chapter 3: Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information
  4 enhancing qualitative characteristic
  “Compare and Verify in Time to Understandability”
  Comparability (Consistency): across entities or from period to period.
  Verifiability: Independent observers can reach consensus.
  Timeliness: Recent enough to influence decision.
  Understandability: Comprehensible by a user with reasonable understanding of business.
  SFAC No. 4, “Objectives of Financial Reporting by Nonbusiness Organizations” (F1-10)
  Nonbusiness organizations (Not for profit)
  -Most of resources come from contributions and grants (Non-reciprocal)
  -Operating purposes are other than for profit
  -Lack ownership interest
  Objectives is provide useful information in
  -Making resource allocation decisions
  -Assessing service and the ability to provide services
  -Assessing management stewardship and performance
  -The nature and relationship of in/out flow of resource
  SFAC No. 5, “Recognition and Measurement in the Financial Statements” (F1-11)
  Full Set of Financial Statements
  Statement of financial position (the balance sheet)
  Statement of earnings (the income statement)
  Statement of comprehensive income (IDEA+PUFER)
  Statement of cash flows
  Statement of changes in owners‘ equity
  Measurement Attributes for Assets and Liabilities (F1-12)
  Historical cost (F2-42): PP&E
  Current cost (F2-42): Inventory
  Net realizable value (F4-23): A/R
  Current market value: Marketable securities
  Present value of future cash flows: LT debt “bonds” (SFAC No.7 F1-15)
  4 Assumptions and 6 Principles (F1-12)
  “Ego up” + “Charm FAR”
  4 Assumptions-“Ego up”
  Entity Assumption
  GOing Concern Assumption (IFRS & GAAP)
  Monetary Unit Assumption
  Periodicity Assumption
  高顿网校温馨提醒
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        2015年USCPA考试常见问题解析

USCPA备考 热门问题解答
美国注会考试考多少分及格?

uscpa一共有四门科目,每门考试的满分为99分,75分及格,但是这个75不是75%的正确率,不能被理解为百分比。

uscpa一共几门几年考完?

uscpa总共考4门,一般单科成绩的有效期为18个月,大家需要在这个有效期的时间内,通过剩余的三门科目,否则第一门通过的考试成绩就作废,需要重考。因此,uscpa考试周期最长为18个月。

uscpa一年能考几次?

NASBA和AICPA开启了连续测试期后,大家可以不受限制的全年参加uscpa考试。在uscpa的考试成绩公布后,如果大家发现自己没有通过考试,能够马上申请并参加该门科目考试,也不用再等待下一个考季才能申请重考。

uscpa的含金量如何?

uscpa是美国正式的注册会计师国家资格,在美国拥有审计签字权,作为美国财经领域的三大黄金证书之一,在国内外都有着很好的知名度。很多外企招聘财务经理或财务总监岗位,都将持有uscpa证书作为优先录用条件。

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