USCPA知识点:每股收益(EPS)

来源: 高顿网校 2015-11-12
  Earnings per share
  每股收益即每股盈利(EPS),又称每股税后利润、每股盈余,指税后利润与股本总数的比率。是普通股股东每持有一股所能享有的企业净利润或需承担的企业净亏损。每股收益通常被用来反映企业的经营成果,衡量普通股的获利水平及投资风险,是投资者等信息使用者据以评价企业盈利能力、预测企业成长潜力、进而做出相关经济决策的重要的财务指标之一。利润表中,第九条列示“基本每股收益”和“稀释每股收益”项目。高顿网校USCPA小编今天来给大家简单介绍每股收益的相关考点。
  All public entities are required to present Earnings Per Share(EPS)on the face of the I/S.
  参《企业会计准则第34号-每股收益》
  Simple/Complex capital structure
  If an entity has only common stock outstanding,then it has simple capital structure.The entity only need present basic EPS for “IDE” and “I” on the face of the I/S.
  If an entity has securities that can potentially be converted to common stock,then it has complex capital structure.The entity need present both basic EPS and diluted EPS for “IDE” and “I” on the face of the I/S.
  The key point of identify simple or complex capital structure is securities convertible to common stock.
  The key result difference is diluted EPS.
  Basic EPS=[NI available to C/S]/WACSO
  NI available to C/S=NI–P/S dividend
  P/S dividend=Dividend declared to P/S+Dividends in arrears
  Weighted-Average number of Common Shares Outstanding(WACSO)is the mean of shares outstanding and assumed to be outstanding for EPS calculations.
  发行在外普通股加权平均数(WACSO)=期初发行在外普通股股数+新发行普通股股数 X 已发行时间÷报告期间-当期回购普通股股数X已回购时间÷报告期间
  考点1. Cumulative P/S 未宣告的股利(dividend in arrears)是否要在计算EPS时扣除?是的。必须扣除。因为在支付普通股股东股利之前,企业必须首先支付历年的dividend in arrears.
  考点2. 如果三个Stock dividends / splits方案,除实施时间不同外(分别在3/31/X1,9/30/X1,1/2/X2 ),无任何区别。B/S date是12/31,报告签发日为2/25/X2.问三个方案下谁的EPS*5?一样大。
  Stock dividends/splits before the F/S ISSUE DATE must be treated as though they occurred at the earliest beginning of the period in the report.
  Complex capital structure–potentially dilutive securities type:
  Convertible securities(convertible P/S or bonds)
  Warrants and other options
  Contracts that may be settled in cash or stock;and
  Contingent shares
  “Treasury stock” Dilutive vs.Antidilutive
  Market price>Exercise price,Dilutive
  Market price<Exercise price,Antidilutive
  If the security is antidilutive,ignore it during calculating dilutive EPS.因为没有投资人会傻到当market price<exercise price时,还行权
  “If-converted” method are adopted during calculating the dilutive EPS.If-converted method assumes that the securities were converted to C/S at the beginning of the period(or at the time of issue,if later)
  Diluted EPS=[Income available to C/S + interest on dilutive securitiesX(1-Tax rate)]/[WACSO,assuming all dilutive securities are converted to C/S]
  Dilution from Options,Warrants,and their Equivalents–Treasury Stock Method.
  The equivalents of options and warrants include nonvested stock granted to employees,stock purchase contracts,and partially paid stock subscriptions.
  Treasury Stock Method的逻辑是:
  当期权行权时,会增加outstanding的股票,进而稀释EPS
  如果用行权时所收到的金额,按市价购买库存股,会减少outstanding的股票,进而反稀释EPS
  真正的增加的股票和稀释的效果是以上两者的综合
  Additional shares outstanding=number of shares issued for option–[proceeds received for option exercise / average market price]
  Proceeds received for option exercise=number of shares issued for option X exercise price
  Diluted from Convertible Securities–If converted method
  1st.计算Basic EPS
  2nd.计算Additional C/S(按合同约定)
  3rd. 计算Additional N/I.对Bonds,增加了Interest X(1-tax rate)。对P/S,无影响。
  4th.计算 If-converted的EPS
  5th. 取min(basic EPS,if-converted EPS)
  存在多种潜在稀释证券时的计算顺序(同时有option,convertible P/S,convertible bonds)
  独立原则。各种证券互不影响,互相独立。
  按稀释性大小,先算稀释性*5的。实务中通常稀释性从大到小为option and warrants,convertible P/S,convertible bonds.
  计算顺序的逻辑–稳健性原则。告诉投资人一个最小的Dilutive EPS.
  Dilution from contracts that may be settled in cash or stock.
  GR:presumed to be settled in C/S.
  SR:Included in diluted EPS
  逻辑–稳健性原则。告诉投资人一个最小的Dilutive EPS.
  Dilution from contingent shares.
  Contingent issuable shares depend on some future event or on certain conditions being met.
  If all conditions for issuance are met,contingent shares are also included in BASIC EPS as of the beginning of the period in which the conditions were satisfied.
  If NOT,contingent shares are also included in Dilutive EPS.
  Disclosures of EPS
  Reconciliation of the numerators and the denominators of the basic and diluted EPS.
  The effect of P/S dividend(in arrears)
  Potentially dilute EPS but not included
  Subsequent issues which may effect EPS
  Cash flow amount per share are NOT disclosed
  Summary of EPS(F7-31)重要
  FAR F7-3 Statement of cash flows
  Cash flow statement(C/F)is composed by:
  operating cash flows(CFO),which is from transactions reported on the I/S,and Current assets and current liabilities.
  Investing cash flows(CFI),which is from noncurrent assets.
  Financing cash flows(CFF),which is from debt and equity.
  Cash and cash equivalents
  Cash is defined as actual cash(i.e.,currency and demand deposits)
  Cash equivalents are defined as short-term,liquid investment,that are:
  Quickly convertible into specific amounts of cash
  So near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.
  CFO+CFI+CFF=the end cash and cash equivalent-the begin cash and cash equivalent
  Methods of presenting the statement of C/F
  The direct method(encourage)
  The indirect method
  Direct / Indirect method only different on CFO.The CFI & CFF is the same.
  Under the direct method,the CFO shows the major classes of operating cash receipts and disbursements.A reconciliation of NI to CFO is required to be provided in a separate schedules under U.S. GAAP.
  Indirect method CFO=NI+Noncash Expense/Loss–Noncash Income/Gains+Increase in operating liabilities–Increase in operating assets.
  间接法下的正负号的逻辑:
  现金及等价物是资产。
  同性相斥,异性相吸。
  资产的增加,减少CFO.
  负债的增加,增加CFO.
  CFO involve producing goods and delivering services to customers.
  All transactions not categorized as CFI & CFF are categorized as CFO.
  Direct method–categories to report
  Cash received from customers=Revenue+increase in unearned revenue–increase in AR
  Interest received
  Dividend received
  Direct method–categories to report(Cont‘)
  Other operating cash receipts
  Cash received from the sales of trading securities
  Cash paid to suppliers and employees=COGS+increase in inventory–increase in A/P+salaries and wages expense–increase in wages payable
  Interest paid
  Direct method–categories to report(Cont‘)
  Income taxes paid
  Cash paid to acquire trading securities
  Other operating cash payments=other operating expenses+increase in prepaid expenses–increase in accrued liabilities.
  Indirect Method–adjustment to NI
  All deferral of past operating cash receipts and disbursements.
  All accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and disbursements.
  All items that are included in NI that do NOT affect operating cash receipts and disbursements.
  Indirect method CFO=NI+Noncash Expense/Loss–Noncash Income/Gains+Increase in operating liabilities–Increase in operating assets.
  Indirect method CFO=“CLAD”
  Current assets and liabilities
  Losses and gains
  Amortization and depreciation
  Deferred items
  Short-Cut Cash Flow Effects
  Changes in debit balance accounts will have the opposite effect on cash flows
  Changes in credit balance accounts will have the same effect on cash flows
  Gains and Losses–CFI
  Gains are subtracting from NI
  Losses are adding to NI
  Investing Activities include cash flows from the purchase or sale of NONCURRENT assets.
  Making loans to other entities
  Purchasing or disposing of trading,AFV,HTM
  Acquiring or disposing of PP&E
  Acquiring under acquisition method using cash.
  Financing activities include cash flow from noncurrent liability and equity activities.
  Obtaining resources from owners(issue stock)
  Providing owners with return(dividend)
  Obtaining resources from creditors(bonds)
  Payments of principal on amount borrowed
  Non cash investing and financing activities should be provided separately in a supplemental disclosure. Include:
  A purchase of PP&E by issuance of stock
  Conversion of bonds to equity
  Acquiring assets through a capital lease obligation
  The exchange of one noncash asset for another noncash asset
  Summary of cash flow classifications of individual transactions (F7-38)。重要。
  IFRS differences in reporting cash flow(F7-39)
  Interest received
  Interest paid
  Dividends received
  Dividends paid
  Tax paid
  FAR F7-Appendix I Ratio Analysis
  Liquidity Ratios
  Activity Ratios
  Profitability Ratios
  Long–term Debt-Paying Ability Ratios
  高顿网校温馨提醒
  USCPA-美国注册会计师,全球会计*9证,国内人才缺口25万,年薪40W起,如何成为全球财会精英?点击获取USCPA职业发展白皮书!
  美国注册会计师精彩推荐:        USCPA招生专题
        USCPA考试常见问题解析

USCPA备考 热门问题解答
美国注会考试考多少分及格?

uscpa一共有四门科目,每门考试的满分为99分,75分及格,但是这个75不是75%的正确率,不能被理解为百分比。

uscpa一共几门几年考完?

uscpa总共考4门,一般单科成绩的有效期为18个月,大家需要在这个有效期的时间内,通过剩余的三门科目,否则第一门通过的考试成绩就作废,需要重考。因此,uscpa考试周期最长为18个月。

uscpa一年能考几次?

NASBA和AICPA开启了连续测试期后,大家可以不受限制的全年参加uscpa考试。在uscpa的考试成绩公布后,如果大家发现自己没有通过考试,能够马上申请并参加该门科目考试,也不用再等待下一个考季才能申请重考。

uscpa的含金量如何?

uscpa是美国正式的注册会计师国家资格,在美国拥有审计签字权,作为美国财经领域的三大黄金证书之一,在国内外都有着很好的知名度。很多外企招聘财务经理或财务总监岗位,都将持有uscpa证书作为优先录用条件。

在线提问
严选名师 全流程服务

Feifei

高顿USCPA研究院院长

学历背景
美国纽约市立大学会计本科&硕士
教学资历
高顿USCPA研究院院长、USCPA中国校友会副会长、高顿考前冲刺营人气教练、1对1考前辅导教练
客户评价
专业度高,擅长规划,富有亲和力
Feifei
  • 老师好,考出美国注册会计师的难度相当于考进什么大学?
  • 老师好,美国注会考试怎样备考(越详细越好)?
  • 老师好,38岁才开始考美国注册会计师会不会太迟?
  • 老师好,美国注册会计师通过率是多少?
  • 老师好,有了美国注册会计师证后好找工作吗?
999+人提问

Zhou

高顿USCPA明星讲师

学历背景
管理学博士
教学资历
南京审计大学审计硕士研究生导师、现任南京审计大学内审计教育项目主任、10年以上教学研究经验
客户评价
教学严谨,思路清晰,细心负责
Zhou
  • 老师好,uscpa如果不去考会怎么样?
  • 老师好,美国注册会计师难度有多大?
  • 老师好,uscpa考了对移民留学有优势吗?
  • 老师好,美国注册会计师考试科目几年考完?
  • 老师好,uscpa工资一般是多少钱?
999+人提问

Jin

高顿USCPA明星讲师

学历背景
加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学会计硕士
教学资历
美国注册会计师、纳斯达克上市企业CFO、十多年北美学习及工作经验,是高顿知名讲师
客户评价
课程讲授幽默风趣,深入浅出,引人入胜
Jin
  • 老师好,美国注册会计师工资待遇如何?
  • 老师好,35岁考美国注册会计师有意义吗?
  • 老师好,考过美国注册会计师能干嘛?
  • 老师好,考完美国注册会计师可以做什么工作?
  • 老师好,uscpa美国注册会计师年薪一般多少?
999+人提问

Lai

高顿USCPA研究院人气讲师

学历背景
美国德州A&M大学会计硕士
教学资历
USCPA&CMA双证持证人、国内USCPA考试满分记录保持者,现任Deloitte事务所高级税务,是高顿知名讲师
客户评价
通俗易懂,逻辑分析力强,对考点把握十分精准
Lai
  • 老师好,uscpa证书一年挣多少钱?
  • 老师好,美国注册会计师能干什么工作?
  • 老师好,uacpa自学过的概率大吗?
  • 老师好,美国注会一共几科几年过?
  • 老师好,uscpa考下来大概费用多少?
999+人提问

高顿教育 > USCPA > 考试辅导